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Africa - the hottest continent on earth.
Africa - the second largest continent after Eurasia. Its area is 30.3
km2. Much of the continent is in the northern hemisphere. In Africa, as
in other fragments of Gondwana, solid shape. In its shores there are no
large peninsulas and deep bays.
The relief of this continent, as well as any, depends on the history of
the earth's crust, of internal and external processes. At the heart of
Africa on an old platform, so the continent is dominated by plains. The
lowlands are relatively rare, they are located on the shores of the
mainland. The interior of Africa occupied the high plains, occasionally
dissect deep gorges - river valleys. The mainland is similar to a high
table of the surrounding ocean. Above this "table" number rises even
higher peaks and mountain ranges, many of which are of volcanic origin.
By internal processes of the individual parts of the platform raised,
forming a high plateau (East Africa), others fell, resulting in a large
basin (Chad, Congo, Kalahari). Movements were accompanied by fractures
in the Earth's crust. In East Africa, is the biggest fault on land. It
stretches along the Red Sea, through the Ethiopian highlands to the
mouth of the Zambezi River. It is moving apart the African lithospheric
plate, so frequent earthquakes and volcanic activity.
Africa is rich in natural resources: it is a variety of ferrous and
non-ferrous metals (especially copper reserves by the state of Zaire and
Zambia, bauxite occur in Guinea iron ore - in Mauritania, Liberia,
Angola), diamonds (Africa provides 98% of the total diamond production
in the capitalist world ) gold mining that Africa has the highest in the
world, the uranium ore mined in South and Central Africa. In the
sediments on the platform north of the mainland lie the oil and gas.
Africa - the hottest continent. It is the greatest in the world of the
Sahara desert, in the north which, in Libya, was recorded the highest
temperature in the world: +58 ° C. In the heart of Africa much rain
falls throughout the year. This is due to the fact that its center
crosses the equator, where a region of low pressure and precipitation.
To the north and south of the center are areas with seasonal moisture
savannah and arid deserts. Northern and southern extremities of the
continent have a subtropical climate. The southern part of the continent
during the year are brought precipitation from the Indian Ocean trade
winds. In the northern part of the continent rainfall is low, it is
associated with areas of high pressure to form over 30 ° latitude, and
with the feature of trade winds. They are formed in the Northern
Hemisphere over Asia and come to the Sahara dry.
On the territory of mainland rivers of the Congo, Zambezi, Niger,
Senegal, Orange, Neil and others. Nile - the longest river in the world.
Rivers of Africa are deep only in its equatorial part, because there a
lot of precipitation falls. Many rivers of Africa fast, rapids,
waterfalls abound, and lakes are concentrated mainly in the east, where
the water fills the cracks of fractures.
Rich and diverse flora and fauna of the continent: elephants, rhinos,
hippos, lions, monkeys, ostriches, palm, acacia, rubber plants, and
others. Many of the "Back to school" are found in the national parks,
the dimensions of which in Africa exceed the size of some European
gosudarstv.Osnovnuyu of the population of the continent of the
indigenous population - Negroids - African branch of the equatorial
race. North of the continent inhabited by representatives of the Arab
peoples. The population of the continent over 600 million people, and
every year it increases.
Africa Climate: subtropical, tropical, sub-equatorial, equatorial.
Geology of Africa: mostly ancient Precambrian platform.
Relief in Africa: mainly flat, the mountains: Atlas, Cape, Drakensberg
Mountains, Highlands: Ahaggar, Tibesti, the Ethiopian Highlands, the
East African Plateau, a vast plateau of the Sahara, the Congo Basin, the
high plains of the Kalahari.
African coast is washed by the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and the
Mediterranean and Red seas, the length of the continent from north to
south is about 8000 km from west to east - 7500 km, the population of
Africa is 933 million people
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